Semperula wallacei (Mollusca, Veronicellidae) um hospedeiro natural recém-descoberto de Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) na Bacia do Pacífico.

Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874) is a species of terrestrial slug that occurs in southeast China and the Pacific Basin and is the only species of its genus that occurs beyond the Oriental region and to the east of Wallace's line in the Australian region, where it has probably been introduced. In this study, we report for the first time S. wallacei as an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) based on histological and molecular analyses of slugs from Tuamasaga, Samoa, deposited at the Medical Malacological Collection (Fiocruz-CMM). DNA was obtained from the deparafinized tissues scraped from specimen slides. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeted to the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were carried out using the restriction enzyme Cla I. The RFLP profile observed for our larval specimen of S. wallacei was identical to the profile previously established for A. cantonensis, demonstrating that S. wallacei can be naturally infected with A. cantonensis and is likely to be an intermediate host for this parasitic nematode species in the field. The potential for geographical range expansion of S. wallacei in the Pacific Basin, its small size, and the general role of veronicellids as crop pests and hosts of nematodes, indicate the significance of S. wallacei as an invasive species in the Pacific Basin. Our work also highlights the importance of biological collections for investigating the environmental impact of invasive species on agriculture, public health, and biodiversity conservation.

ClO-driven degradation of graphene oxide: new insights from DFT calculations.

We present an extensive investigation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations on various model graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures interacting with chlorine monoxide ClO, aiming to understand the role of this highly oxidizing species in C-C bond breakage and the formation of significant holes on GO sheets. During its function, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme abundantly generates chlorine-oxygen-containing species and their presence has been identified as the cause of degradation in carbon nanotubes of diverse sizes, morphologies, and chemical compositions, both in in vivo and in vitro samples. Notably, Kurapati et al. (Small, 2015, 11, 3985-3994) demonstrated efficient degradation of single GO monolayers through MPO catalysis, though the exact degradation mechanism remains unclear. In our study, we discover that breaking C-C bonds in a single graphene oxide sheet is achievable through a simple mechanism involving the dissociation of two ClO molecules that are chemically attached as nearest neighbor species but bonded to opposite sides of the GO layer (up/down configuration). Two new carbonyl oxygens appear on the surface and the Cl atoms can be transferred to the carbon layer or as physisorbed species near the GO surface. Relatively small energy barriers are associated with these molecular events. Continuing this process on neighboring sites leads to the presence of larger holes on the GO surface, accompanied by an increase in carbonyl species on the carbon network, consistent with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Indeed, the distribution of oxygen functionalities is found to be crucial in defining the damage pattern induced in the carbon layer. We emphasize the important role played by the local charge distribution in the stability or instability of chemical bonds, as well as in the energy barriers and reaction pathways. Finally, we explore the possibility of achieving chlorination of GO following MPO exposure. The here-reported predictions could be the root cause of the experimentally observed low stability of individual GO sheets during the MPO catalytic cycle.

Bottom-Up Growth of Monolayer Honeycomb SiC.

The long theorized two-dimensional allotrope of SiC has remained elusive amid the exploration of graphenelike honeycomb structured monolayers. It is anticipated to possess a large direct band gap (2.5 eV), ambient stability, and chemical versatility. While sp^{2} bonding between silicon and carbon is energetically favorable, only disordered nanoflakes have been reported to date. Here we demonstrate large-area, bottom-up synthesis of monocrystalline, epitaxial monolayer honeycomb SiC atop ultrathin transition metal carbide films on SiC substrates. We find the 2D phase of SiC to be almost planar and stable at high temperatures, up to 1200 °C in vacuum. Interactions between the 2D-SiC and the transition metal carbide surface result in a Dirac-like feature in the electronic band structure, which in the case of a TaC substrate is strongly spin-split. Our findings represent the first step towards routine and tailored synthesis of 2D-SiC monolayers, and this novel heteroepitaxial system may find diverse applications ranging from photovoltaics to topological superconductivity.

Dispersal ability, habitat characteristics, and sea-surface circulation shape population structure of Cingula trifasciata (Gastropoda: Rissoidae) in the remote Azores Archipelago.

BACKGROUND: In the marine realm, dispersal ability is among the major factors shaping the distribution of species. In the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Azores Archipelago is home to a multitude of marine invertebrates which, despite their dispersal limitations, maintain gene flow among distant populations, with complex evolutionary and biogeographic implications. The mechanisms and factors underlying the population dynamics and genetic structure of non-planktotrophic gastropods within the Azores Archipelago and related mainland populations are still poorly understood. The rissoid Cingula trifasciata is herewith studied to clarify its population structure in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and factors shaping it, with a special focus in intra-archipelagic dynamics. RESULTS: Coupling microsatellite genotyping by amplicon sequencing (SSR-GBAS) and mitochondrial datasets, our results suggest the differentiation between insular and continental populations of Cingula trifasciata, supporting previously raised classification issues and detecting potential cryptic diversity. The finding of connectivity between widely separated populations was startling. In unique ways, dispersal ability, habitat type, and small-scale oceanographic currents appear to be the key drivers of C. trifasciata's population structure in the remote Azores Archipelago. Dispersal as non-planktotrophic larvae is unlikely, but its small-size adults easily engage in rafting. Although the typical habitat of C. trifasciata, with low hydrodynamics, reduces the likelihood of rafting, individuals inhabiting algal mats are more prone to dispersal. Sea-surface circulation might create dispersal pathways for rafts, even between widely separated populations/islands. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that gene flow of a marine non-planktotrophic gastropod within a remote archipelago can reveal unanticipated patterns, such that the understanding of life in such areas is far from well-understood. We expect this work to be the starting of the application of SSR-GBAS in other non-model marine invertebrates, providing insights on their population dynamics at distinct geographical scales and on hidden diversity. How transversal is the role played by the complex interaction between functional traits, ecological features, and sea-surface circulation in the population structure of marine invertebrates can be further addressed by expanding this approach to more taxa.

Constraints on Dark Matter Properties from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies.

We perform a comprehensive study of Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxies to constrain the fundamental properties of dark matter (DM). This analysis fully incorporates inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution and detectability of MW satellites and marginalizes over uncertainties in the mapping between galaxies and DM halos, the properties of the MW system, and the disruption of subhalos by the MW disk. Our results are consistent with the cold, collisionless DM paradigm and yield the strongest cosmological constraints to date on particle models of warm, interacting, and fuzzy dark matter. At 95% confidence, we report limits on (i) the mass of thermal relic warm DM, m_{WDM}>6.5 keV (free-streaming length, λ_{fs}≲10h^{-1} kpc), (ii) the velocity-independent DM-proton scattering cross section, σ_{0}<8.8×10^{-29} cm^{2} for a 100 MeV DM particle mass [DM-proton coupling, c_{p}≲(0.3 GeV)^{-2}], and (iii) the mass of fuzzy DM, m_{ϕ}>2.9×10^{-21} eV (de Broglie wavelength, λ_{dB}≲0.5 kpc). These constraints are complementary to other observational and laboratory constraints on DM properties.

Nuevos modelos transgénicos para el estudio de la enfermedad de Parkinson basados en sistemas de edición con nucleasas / New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo más común, caracterizado por la pérdida selectiva de neuronas dopaminérgicas en la substancia nigra pars compacta, produciendo depleción en los niveles de dopamina y dando como resultado las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad que se pueden clasificar como síntomas motrices y no motrices. DESARROLLO: En los últimos años, la generación de nuevos modelos animales basados en los sistemas de edición genética por nucleasas: ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9, permiten la realización de modificaciones personalizadas en el genoma, replicando características clave que definen a la EP y consecuentemente avances significativos en la comprensión del proceso fisiopatológico de este trastorno. CONCLUSIÓN: En esta revisión recopilamos los estudios más novedosos de esta nueva generación de modelos in vitro e in vivo de la EP que permiten emular síntomas clave y tener una mayor comprensión de la etiología o los mecanismos involucrados en el proceso de iniciación o desarrollo de la enfermedad y la futura prueba de terapias realmente eficaces para detener o ralentizar su progresión

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in dopamine depletion, leading to a number of motor and non-motor symptoms. DEVELOPMENT: In recent years, the development of new animal models using nuclease-based genome-editing technology (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases) has enabled the introduction of custom-made modifications into the genome to replicate key features of PD, leading to significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We review the most recent studies on this new generation of in vitro and in vivo PD models, which replicate the most relevant symptoms of the disease and enable better understanding of the aetiology and mechanisms of PD. This may be helpful in the future development of effective treatments to halt or slow disease progression

Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob de origen genético: serie de casos en la Patagonia Argentina / Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome of genetic origin: series of cases in the Argentinian Patagonia

La enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) es un desorden neurodegenerativo poco frecuente con una incidencia estimada en 1 por cada 1.000.000 por año, típicamente caracterizado por demencia rápidamente progresiva, ataxia, mioclonus y cambios de comportamiento. Las enfermedades genéticas priónicas se desarrollan debido a mutaciones en el gen de proteína priónica PRNP. Entre el 10 y el 15% corresponden a formas familiares que se transmiten con patrón autosómico dominante con alta penetrancia. La mutación más frecuente a nivel mundial es la E200K (glutamato por lisina). Se reportan cuatro familias con CJD que fueron atendidas en el Hospital Provincial Neuquén en el año 2018. Tres de los cuatro casos índice tenían historia familiar de trastornos neurológicos y psiquiátricos pero estos datos no fueron jerarquizados en la evaluación inicial del caso. Se consideró la consulta genética por la edad temprana de presentación de la enfermedad. En todos los casos la consulta fue solicitada por el neurólogo. Los síntomas iniciales que presentaron los pacientes fueron insomnio pertinaz y depresión con pobre respuesta a la medicación psiquiátrica habitual. En todos los casos la progresión de la enfermedad fue rápida con desórdenes visuales, mioclonías, ataxia, demencia y pérdida del lenguaje. El análisis de los pedigrees permitió identificar ciento cuarenta personas que potencialmente podrían portar el gen y desarrollar la enfermedad en algún momento de la vida adulta. En todos los casos se identificó la mutación E200K. En la región existe una frecuencia aumentada de CJD. Debe ser investigada en los pacientes con síntomas neuropsiquiátricos e historia familiar sospechosa. Los estudios genéticos confirman el diagnóstico en los pacientes y permite identificarlos en individuos en etapa presintomática. Esto plantea un desafío para el asesoramiento genético familiar y para evitar la transmisión iatrogénica del trastorno.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is an uncommon neurodegenerative disorder with an incidence of 1 per 1,000,000 in humans per year, typically characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, ataxia, myoclonus and behavioral changes. Genetic prion diseases, which develop due to a mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP), account for an estimated 10 to 15% of all CJD cases. Familial CJD is transmitted with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with high penetrance. Worldwide, the most common mutation is E200K (glutamate to lysine). We report four families with CJD assisted in Neuquén Hospital in 2018. Three of the four index cases had family history of neurological and psychiatric illness, though data was not taken into consideration at the moment of evaluation of the new cases. The most significant data recorded for a genetic consultation was when the problem had started, and it was required by a neurologist. The initial symptoms were persistent insomnia and depression with poor response to habitual psychiatric medication. Impoverishment is fast with visual disorder, myoclonias, ataxia, dementia and loss of language. Pedigree analysis allowed the identification of 144persons with the gene potential, who can develop the disease at any time in their adulthood. In all cases, mutation E200K was identified. There is a region of increased frequency of CJD. There must be suspicion on patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and suspected family history(familiar background). Finding of the mutation confirms the diagnosis in patients and allows the identification on pre-symptomatic individuals. Challenge is posed on gene advice and to avoid iatrogenic disorder transmission.

Liberação miofascial no ganho de potência muscular do quadríceps: um estudo controlado e randomizado / Myfascial release in quadriceps muscle power gain: a controlled and randomized study

A prescrição de exercícios para o ganho de força e potência muscular é utilizado com o objetivo de ajudar na reabilitação de lesões musculares e para o aprimoramento físico nas práticas esportivas. Dentre as técnicas que são apontadas como possíveis condutas que poderiam auxiliar no fortalecimento muscular e potência destaca-se a Liberação Miofascial. Deste m o do, o estudo buscou analisar e comparar um programa de treinamento para ganho de potência muscular com fortalecimento muscular resistido isolado e os resultados de sua combinação com a Liberação Miofascial. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, analítico, de caráter experimental, comparativo, controlado e randomizado. A amostra foi composta por 11 mulheres com idade de 18 a 40 anos subdivididas em dois grupos de intervenção. As intervenções ocorerram 3 vezes por semana durante 4 semanas. Os membros do Grupo controle realizaram apenas o fortalecimento muscular com exercício de agachamento a partir de 0 º de flexão de joelhos até o limite de 90º de flexão e retornando ao grau 0. As voluntárias do Grupo Liberação Miofascial associado ao treino de força inicialmente foram submetidas a intervenções de Liberação Miofascial dos músculos quadríceps bilateralmente e posteriormente ao treino de fortalecimento muscular descrito no grupo controle. Foram avaliadas as variáveis distância do salto vertical e carga suportada em 1 Repetição Máxima. A estatística inferencial utilizada foi através do t este T de Student emparelhado para verificar a diferença entre as médias do antes e depois dos tratamentos em cada grupo. Para verificar as diferenças em relação às técnicas utilizadas em grupos diferentes foi realizado o teste T de Student não compartilhado. Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos no que se refere a carga máxima suportada em 1 Repetição Máxima (p=0,484), mesmo sendo essa diferença numericamente de 3,31kg a mais de ganho para o Grupo que utilizou a Liberação Miofascial associada ao treino de força, e não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p=0,068) entre a distância de salto vertical nos grupos, apesar desta distânicia ser 4,35 cm maior também no grupo Liberação Miofascial associada ao treino de força. Foi possível demonstrar, desta form a, que a liberação miofascial não otimiza o ganho da potencia muscular associado ao exercício resistido . Desta forma, através dos resultados deste estudo, não é possível recomendar a utilização da LM como um recurso para ser utilizado pré treino com objetivo de ganho de potência muscular...(AU)

The prescription of exercises to gain muscle strength and power is used to help in the rehabilitation of muscle injuries and for physical improvement in sport practices. Among the techniques that are pointed as possible ways that could help in muscle strengthening and power, Myofascial Release stands out. Thus, the study sought to analyze and compare a training program for muscle power gain with isolated resistance muscle strengthening and the results of its combination with myofascial release. It is a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical, experimental, comparative, controlled and randomized study. Our sample consisted of 11 women aged 18 to 40 years old, subdivided into two interventio n gro ups. Th e interventions occurred 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Control Group members only perform muscle strengthening with squats from 0º of knee flexion up to the limit of 90º of flexion and return of grade 0. As volunteers of the Myofascial Release Group associated with strength training, t hey were subm it ted t o Myofascial Release of the quadriceps muscles bilaterally and after the muscle st rengt hening t raining described in the control group. The variables vertical jump distance and load supported in 1 Maximum Repetition were evaluated. The inferential statistics used was through the paired Student's T test to verify the difference between the means of before and after treatments in each group. To verify the differences in relation to the techniques used in different groups, the Student's t-test was not shared. T here was n o statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the maximum load supported in 1 Maximum Repeat (p=0.484), even though this difference was numerically 3 .3 1kg m o re gain fo r t he Myofascial Release Group.No significant difference (p=0.068) was found either between t he v ertical jump distance, which was 4.35 cm higher ­ also in the Myofascial Release group. Thus, it was demonstrated that myofascial release does not optimize the gain in muscle power associat ed with resistance exercises. Thus, through the results of this study, it is not possible to recommend the use of SCI as a resource to be used pre-training in order to gain muscle power...(AU)

La eritropoyetina humana recombinante reduce la disfunción sensoriomotora y el deterioro cognitivo en ratas con enfermedad renal crónica / Human recombinant erythropoietin reduces sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive impairment in rat models of chronic kidney disease

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) puede provocar anemia e inducir afectaciones neurológicas. La eritropoyetina humana recombinante (rHuEPO) se utiliza en el tratamiento de la anemia en la ERC. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia de los efectos de la rHuEPO sobre la conducta y las funciones cognitivas en la ERC. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con rHuEPO sobre las funciones sensoriomotoras y cognitivas en un modelo de ERC. MÉTODOS: Ratas macho de la cepa Wistar fueron asignadas a 4 grupos: control y ERC, con y sin tratamiento con rHuEPO (1.050 UI/kg de peso, una vez por semana durante 4 semanas). Las pruebas conductuales de laberinto acuático de Morris, campo abierto y cinta adhesiva se realizaron de manera simultánea a la inducción del daño renal y el tratamiento. Mientras que la determinación de marcadores de función renal y anemia se realizaron al término del estudio. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento con rHuEPO redujo el daño en el riñón y corrigió la anemia en las ratas con ERC. En las pruebas conductuales, el tratamiento con rHuEPO redujo la disfunción sensoriomotora observada en los animales con ERC. Por otra parte, en los animales con ERC y tratamiento con rHuEPO resolvieron el laberinto en menor tiempo en comparación a los grupos control. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento con rHuEPO reduce el daño en el riñón, corrige la anemia y reduce la disfunción sensoriomotora y cognitiva en los animales con ERC

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can cause anaemia and neurological disorders. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used to manage anaemia in CKD. However, there is little evidence on the effects of rHuEPO on behaviour and cognitive function in CKD. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rHuEPO in sensorimotor and cognitive functions in a CKD model. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control and CKD, with and without rHuEPO treatment (1050 IU per kg body weight, once weekly for 4 weeks). The Morris water maze, open field, and adhesive removal tests were performed simultaneously to kidney damage induction and treatment. Markers of anaemia and renal function were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS: Treatment with rHuEPO reduced kidney damage and corrected anaemia in rats with CKD. We observed reduced sensorimotor dysfunction in animals with CKD and treated with rHuEPO. These rats also completed the water maze test in a shorter time than the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: rHuEPO reduces kidney damage, corrects anemia, and reduces sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction in animals with CKD

Detection of Cross-Correlation between Gravitational Lensing and γ Rays.

In recent years, many γ-ray sources have been identified, yet the unresolved component hosts valuable information on the faintest emission. In order to extract it, a cross-correlation with gravitational tracers of matter in the Universe has been shown to be a promising tool. We report here the first identification of a cross-correlation signal between γ rays and the distribution of mass in the Universe probed by weak gravitational lensing. We use data from the Dark Energy Survey Y1 weak lensing data and the Fermi Large Area Telescope 9-yr γ-ray data, obtaining a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.3. The signal is mostly localized at small angular scales and high γ-ray energies, with a hint of correlation at extended separation. Blazar emission is likely the origin of the small-scale effect. We investigate implications of the large-scale component in terms of astrophysical sources and particle dark matter emission.

Human recombinant erythropoietin reduces sensorimotor dysfunction and cognitive impairment in rat models of chronic kidney disease. / La eritropoyetina humana recombinante reduce la disfunción sensoriomotora y el deterioro cognitivo en ratas con enfermedad renal crónica.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can cause anaemia and neurological disorders. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is used to manage anaemia in CKD. However, there is little evidence on the effects of rHuEPO on behaviour and cognitive function in CKD. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of rHuEPO in sensorimotor and cognitive functions in a CKD model. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control and CKD, with and without rHuEPO treatment (1050 IU per kg body weight, once weekly for 4 weeks). The Morris water maze, open field, and adhesive removal tests were performed simultaneously to kidney damage induction and treatment. Markers of anaemia and renal function were measured at the end of the study. RESULTS: Treatment with rHuEPO reduced kidney damage and corrected anaemia in rats with CKD. We observed reduced sensorimotor dysfunction in animals with CKD and treated with rHuEPO. These rats also completed the water maze test in a shorter time than the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: rHuEPO reduces kidney damage, corrects anemia, and reduces sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction in animals with CKD.

New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology. / Nuevos modelos transgénicos para el estudio de la enfermedad de Parkinson basados en sistemas de edición con nucleasas.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in dopamine depletion, leading to a number of motor and non-motor symptoms. DEVELOPMENT: In recent years, the development of new animal models using nuclease-based genome-editing technology (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases) has enabled the introduction of custom-made modifications into the genome to replicate key features of PD, leading to significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We review the most recent studies on this new generation of in vitro and in vivo PD models, which replicate the most relevant symptoms of the disease and enable better understanding of the aetiology and mechanisms of PD. This may be helpful in the future development of effective treatments to halt or slow disease progression.

Detection of CMB-Cluster Lensing using Polarization Data from SPTpol.

We report the first detection of gravitational lensing due to galaxy clusters using only the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The lensing signal is obtained using a new estimator that extracts the lensing dipole signature from stacked images formed by rotating the cluster-centered Stokes QU map cutouts along the direction of the locally measured background CMB polarization gradient. Using data from the SPTpol 500 deg^{2} survey at the locations of roughly 18 000 clusters with richness λ≥10 from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year-3 full galaxy cluster catalog, we detect lensing at 4.8σ. The mean stacked mass of the selected sample is found to be (1.43±0.40)×10^{14}M_{⊙} which is in good agreement with optical weak lensing based estimates using DES data and CMB-lensing based estimates using SPTpol temperature data. This measurement is a key first step for cluster cosmology with future low-noise CMB surveys, like CMB-S4, for which CMB polarization will be the primary channel for cluster lensing measurements.

Nonlinear dynamics of two coupled bubbles oscillating inside a liquid-filled cavity surrounded by an elastic medium.

A theory is developed to model the nonlinear dynamics of two coupled bubbles inside a spherical liquid-filled cavity surrounded by an elastic medium. The aim is to study how the conditions of full confinement affect the coupled oscillations of the bubbles. To make the problem amenable to analytical consideration, the bubbles are assumed to be located on a diameter of the cavity, which makes the problem axisymmetric. Equations for the pulsation and translation motion of the bubbles are derived by the Lagrangian formalism. The derived equations are used in numerical simulations. The behavior of two bubbles in a cavity is compared with the behavior of the same bubbles in an unbounded liquid. It is found that both forced and free oscillations of two bubbles in a cavity occur differently than those in an unbounded liquid. In particular, it is shown that the eigenfrequencies of a two-bubble system in a cavity are different from those in an unbounded liquid.

Cosmological Constraints from Multiple Probes in the Dark Energy Survey.

The combination of multiple observational probes has long been advocated as a powerful technique to constrain cosmological parameters, in particular dark energy. The Dark Energy Survey has measured 207 spectroscopically confirmed type Ia supernova light curves, the baryon acoustic oscillation feature, weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering. Here we present combined results from these probes, deriving constraints on the equation of state, w, of dark energy and its energy density in the Universe. Independently of other experiments, such as those that measure the cosmic microwave background, the probes from this single photometric survey rule out a Universe with no dark energy, finding w=-0.80_{-0.11}^{+0.09}. The geometry is shown to be consistent with a spatially flat Universe, and we obtain a constraint on the baryon density of Ω_{b}=0.069_{-0.012}^{+0.009} that is independent of early Universe measurements. These results demonstrate the potential power of large multiprobe photometric surveys and pave the way for order of magnitude advances in our constraints on properties of dark energy and cosmology over the next decade.

Efecto neuroprotector de fitoquímicos en cultivo de neuronas dopaminérgicas / Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals on dopaminergic neuron cultures

Introducción: La enfermedad de Parkinson es un trastorno neurodegenerativo progresivo caracterizado por la pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia nigra pars compacta, promoviendo una disminución significativa en los niveles de dopamina y en consecuencia el deterioro funcional del circuito motor. Desarrollo: Aunque su etiología no está bien esclarecida, se han propuesto varios mecanismos patogénicos, entre ellos destaca el estrés oxidativo. La terapia actual se basa en medicamentos que reemplazan la dopamina, sin embargo, no son capaces de detener o incluso ralentizar la progresión de la enfermedad. En la actualidad están siendo investigados nuevos enfoques terapéuticos con la intención de influir en las vías que conducen a la disfunción y muerte neuronal. Conclusiones: En los últimos años, se ha evidenciado el efecto neuroprotector de moléculas naturales debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias dentro de los cuales destacan los polifenoles, los alcaloides y las saponinas. El objetivo de esta revisión es recopilar los estudios más importantes a nivel mundial que establecen las propiedades benéficas de algunos fitoquímicos utilizados en modelos in vitro de la enfermedad de Parkinson

Introduction. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in a significant decrease in dopamine levels and consequent functional motor impairment. Development: Although its aetiology is not fully understood, several pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress, have been proposed. Current therapeutic approaches are based on dopamine replacement drugs; these agents, however, are not able to stop or even slow disease progression. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed at acting on the pathways leading to neuronal dysfunction and death are under investigation. Conclusions: In recent years, such natural molecules as polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our review is to analyse the most relevant studies worldwide addressing the benefits of some phytochemicals used in in vitro models of Parkinson's disease

[Effects of vertical water immersion on the nervous system: a systematic review]. / Efectos de la inmersion vertical en el agua sobre el sistema nervioso: revision sistematica.

INTRODUCTION: Vertical immersion induces a variety of physiological responses in different body systems, depending on the properties of fluid mechanics, which are the basis that underpins aquatic therapy programs in different pathologies. AIM: To perform a systematic review to analyze and describe the effects that vertical immersion produces on the nervous system in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the existing literature was conducted in the databases BRAIN, PubMed, PEDro and Web of Science. Quality was methodologically assessed using the CASPe guideline and the level of evidence was categorized using the Oxford scale. A total of 12 articles were included, with a score range of 7-10 according to CASPe, levels of evidence 1b-2b and grade of recommendation B. RESULTS: All studies showed positive results to the different forms of exposure of vertical immersion in water and the summation of the stimuli used; no adverse effects were reported in any case. CONCLUSIONS: The vertical immersion in the water generates positive effects on cerebral blood flows, cortical activation, executive functions and the production of neurotrophins in healthy subjects.

TITLE: Efectos de la inmersion vertical en el agua sobre el sistema nervioso: revision sistematica.Introduccion. La inmersion vertical induce una variedad de respuestas fisiologicas en diferentes sistemas corporales, dependiendo de las propiedades de la mecanica de fluidos, las cuales son la base que sustenta los programas de terapia acuatica en diferentes patologias. Objetivo. Realizar una revision sistematica para analizar y describir los efectos que la inmersion vertical produce en el sistema nervioso en sujetos sanos. Sujetos y metodos. Se llevo a cabo una busqueda sistematica de la bibliografia existente en las bases de datos BRAIN, PubMed, PEDro y Web of Science. Se evaluo metodologicamente la calidad mediante la guia CASPe y el nivel de evidencia se categorizo mediante la escala Oxford. Se incluyo un total de 12 articulos, con un rango de puntuacion de 7-10 segun CASPe, niveles de evidencia 1b-2b y grado de recomendacion B. Resultados. Todos los estudios mostraron resultados positivos a las diferentes formas de exposicion de la inmersion vertical en el agua y a la suma de estimulos empleados, sin referir efectos adversos en ningun caso. Conclusiones. La inmersion vertical en el agua genera efectos positivos sobre los flujos circulatorios cerebrales, la activacion cortical, las funciones ejecutivas y la produccion de neurotrofinas en sujetos sanos.

Neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals on dopaminergic neuron cultures. / Efecto neuroprotector de fitoquímicos en cultivo de neuronas dopaminérgicas.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in a significant decrease in dopamine levels and consequent functional motor impairment. DEVELOPMENT: Although its aetiology is not fully understood, several pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress, have been proposed. Current therapeutic approaches are based on dopamine replacement drugs; these agents, however, are not able to stop or even slow disease progression. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed at acting on the pathways leading to neuronal dysfunction and death are under investigation. CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, such natural molecules as polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our review is to analyse the most relevant studies worldwide addressing the benefits of some phytochemicals used in in vitro models of Parkinson's disease.